This Sumatra travel guide is for anyone looking to explore Indonesia’s wildest island: a land of untamed jungles, smoking volcanoes, and rich cultural heritage. While Bali often steals the spotlight, Sumatra offers a unique adventure, from trekking in Bukit Lawang to discovering the world’s largest volcanic lake, Lake Toba.
If you crave the unknown, Sumatra is calling your name. That’s exactly why we embarked on a month-long journey; to discover what makes this island so special. From epic jungle treks to stunning natural wonders, we uncovered the best experiences, essential travel tips, and key insights to help you plan your own adventure.
For a structured travel plan, check out our Ultimate 1-Month Sumatra Itinerary, where we break down the best way to explore this incredible island.
Ready to plan your Sumatra adventure? Let’s dive into everything you need to know!
Sumatra at a Glance: Key Facts and Travel Insights
Geography and Location of Sumatra
Sumatra, the world’s sixth-largest island and Indonesia’s largest and westernmost is a land of breathtaking natural diversity. Situated on the Pacific Ring of Fire, Sumatra is renowned for its lush rainforests, volcanic mountains (home to 68 active volcanoes), and extensive river systems.
The island is home to unique wildlife, including critically endangered species like the Sumatran tiger and Sumatran orangutan. When planning your trip, make sure to explore key regions such as North Sumatra, West Sumatra, and Aceh. Each offers distinct experiences with off-the-beaten-path adventures that showcase Sumatra’s untamed beauty.
Religion and Language in Sumatra
Islam is the dominant religion in Sumatra, shaping many aspects of daily life and local traditions across the island. However, Sumatra is home to diverse religious communities, including Christians, particularly around Lake Toba, where the Batak people practice Christianity.
Indonesian is the official language and is widely spoken throughout Sumatra. However, many ethnic groups have their own languages, such as Acehnese in the north, Batak languages around Lake Toba, and Minangkabau in West Sumatra. While Indonesian is commonly used for communication, these regional languages remain an important part of local identity. Learning a few basic phrases in Indonesian can be helpful for travellers, as it is understood everywhere on the island.
Here are the most essential phrases to know
Hello | Greetings:
Selamat Pagi
Thank You:
Terima Kasih
Excuse me:
Permisi
Culture and Food in Sumatra
Sumatra is rich in culture, shaped by its ethnic groups and their traditions. The Acehnese, Batak, and Minangkabau each bring their own history, music, and customs, giving the island a vibrant cultural scene.
Sumatran food is just as diverse and delicious. Don’t miss local dishes like rendang (spicy beef stew), soto (flavourful soup), and ikan bakar (grilled fish). The island’s cuisine is full of bold flavours and is an essential part of the Sumatra experience.
Did you know?
Sumatra in Indonesia is the world’s third-largest coffee producer, making it a paradise for coffee lovers. Don’t miss the chance to taste a cup or two of Mandheling coffee from Sumatra, Indonesia, along with other local varieties like Gayo and Lintong. These distinct brews offer a unique taste that reflects the island’s rich coffee-growing heritage.
Top Activities to Experience in Sumatra
The island offers a diverse range of unforgettable experiences, from trekking through lush rainforests to exploring cultural landmarks.
In this Sumatra Travel Guide, we’ve highlighted the must-visit destinations and the best things to do across the island. Here’s a quick look at some of the top activities you won’t want to miss.
Wildlife Watching in National Parks
Explore Gunung Leuser National Park for a chance to see orangutans in the wild. If you’re lucky, you might spot Sumatran tigers and rhinos in Kerinci Seblat National Park; a must for wildlife enthusiasts.
Trekking and Hiking Adventures
Challenge yourself with a hike up Mount Sibayak or Mount Kerinci (Indonesia’s tallest volcano), or trek through the jungle to see orangutans in Gunung Leuser. It’s perfect for adventure lovers.
Try Diving, Snorkeling and Surfing
Head to the Mentawai Islands for world-class surfing, or dive into the crystal-clear waters of Pulau Weh, home to vibrant coral reefs and marine life.
Cultural Experiences in Sumatra
Visit the main key cultural stops in Sumatra: Medan for the grand mosque, Banda Aceh to reflect at the Tsunami Memorial and Lake Toba for traditional Batak villages.
Taste the Sumatran flavours
No trip to Sumatra is complete without tasting its local dishes. Try rendang, nasi goreng, and nasi padang, where a variety of flavourful dishes are served with rice. These meals offer a taste of the bold, aromatic flavours that define the region.
Discover West Sumatra’s Hidden Gems
Experience the scenic beauty of Bukittinggi’s canyon, along with the lush rice fields and waterfalls of Harau Valley. Both locations offer unforgettable views and local charm.
Sumatra Travel Guide: Essential Travel Tips & Must-Know Information
Heading to Sumatra? Prepare to discover the island’s breathtaking landscapes, rich culture, and incredible wildlife. To help you have an unforgettable experience, read this Sumatra travel blog with essential tips to ensure a smooth and exciting adventure.
Transportation in Sumatra
How to Get to Sumatra
- Flights: The most convenient way to reach Sumatra is by flying into one of its major airports: Kualanamu International Airport (MED) in Medan (North Sumatra), Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport (BTJ) in Banda Aceh (Aceh), or Minangkabau International Airport (PDG) in Padang (West Sumatra). These airports are well-connected to other parts of Indonesia and Southeast Asia, with budget airlines like AirAsia, Garuda, and Lion Air offering direct flights. For the best deals, check flight comparison platforms like Skyscanner
- Ferries: Those seeking a more adventurous route can take a ferry from Merak in Java to Lampung in South Sumatra, followed by an overnight bus to Padang or Bengkulu in West Sumatra. However, this journey can be long and uncomfortable, so it’s best to consider flights as the more convenient option
Getting Around Sumatra
- E-hailing Service: Grab and Gojek are widely available in major cities like Medan, Banda Aceh, Bukittinggi, and Padang. These apps are affordable and convenient for short trips. Download the app, register, and add your payment method to start booking rides, with both car and bike options available
- Buses in Sumatra: Local and long-distance buses are popular and affordable for travel Sumatra. For local buses, tickets can be purchased directly from the driver. For longer bus journeys across the island, it’s best to book tickets in advance via apps like 12go or Traveloka
- Minivans (Tourist Buses): Also known as tourist buses, are shared rides typically used by travellers heading to the same destination. They are common for routes like Medan to Bukit Lawang or Lake Toba. This is a convenient and budget-friendly way to travel Sumatra
- Private Car: Renting a private car with a driver offers the most comfort but comes at a higher price. If you’re travelling with a group, this can be a more affordable option when the cost is shared
- Walking: In places like Bukit Lawang, Harau Valley, Tuk Tuk (on Samosir Island), and the cities of Banda Aceh, Medan, and Bukittinggi, walking is the best way to explore. It allows you to take in the stunning scenery and discover hidden gems that might be missed when travelling by other means
- Scooter: Scooters are a popular way to get around in Sumatra, especially for those seeking a more flexible and adventurous mode of transport. The island offers peaceful roads (outside of big cities) and beautiful landscapes, making it an unforgettable experience. Always wear a helmet, drive carefully, and check the bike before renting
For easy transport bookings, use Trip.com, Skyscanner, 12go, and Traveloka.
Best Time to Visit Sumatra
For optimal weather to explore Sumatra’s stunning landscapes, trek through jungles, and spot wildlife, plan your visit during the dry season, which runs from April to October. This is when you’ll experience mostly sunny days, making it perfect for outdoor adventures. However, be aware that peak season is from June to August, so expect more crowds in popular spots like Bukit Lawang and Lake Toba.
- Dry season (April – October): Ideal for trekking, wildlife spotting, and outdoor activities
- Peak season (June – August): Expect more tourists in key locations like Bukit Lawang and Lake Toba
- Rainy season (November – March): Some rain, especially in North Sumatra, but it doesn’t usually ruin outdoor plans. Our visit in March had mostly sunny weather, with some showers in Medan
Things to Keep in Mind:
- Avoid Ramadan: Finding food during the day can be challenging since many locals fast from sunrise to sunset. Additionally, the early morning call to prayer (sometimes as early as 3 AM) can disrupt your sleep
- Post-Ramadan travel: Right after Ramadan, the national holiday period can be hectic. Locals travel to visit family, resulting in crowded transport, packed attractions, and higher prices
Visa Requirements for Sumatra
Before travelling to Sumatra, make sure you’re aware of the visa options and timelines. Here’s what you need to know:
- Visa on Arrival (VOA): Available for IDR 500k valid for 30 days, with an option to extend for another 30 days
- e-VOA: Apply online before your departure. The cost and conditions are the same as the VOA, but it’s a more convenient option
For more details and to apply, visit the Official e-Visa Website.
Visa Extension
If you plan to extend your visa, start the process at least 7 days before it expires. The extension process requires three visits to the immigration office:
- Submit your documents and make the payment
- Get your photo and fingerprints taken
- Collect your passport with the extended visa
For a quicker option, apply for an e-VOA online. It allows you to skip in-person visits and can speed up the extension process, sometimes taking just one day.
Staying Connected in Sumatra
e-SIM (Best for Convenience)
- Instant activation, no physical SIM card required
- Recommended option is Airalo – Use code JUDIT4949 for US$3 off on your first data pack
Tourist SIM Cards (Best for Data Plans)
- Buy from official stores like Telkomsel or Grapari (avoid airports)
- Passport required for registration
- Plans start at IDR 200,000 for 20GB (valid for 30 days)
- Use the My Telkomsel app to manage your plan
- IMEI registration expires after one month (you can re-register twice per device)
Good to know
Both Grab and Gojek have live tracking for your safety. If something unusual happens, such as a sudden route change, the app will alert you and ask if everything is okay. This feature adds an extra layer of security, especially for solo female travellers.
Money and ATMs
While some hotels, restaurants, and cafes accept cards (with a 3% fee), cash is essential in Sumatra. You’ll need it for street food, public transport, entrance fees, ferry tickets, tuk-tuks, and taxis.
Currency: The local currency is Indonesian Rupiah (IDR).
ATMs: Available in most cities, but withdrawal limits apply. In places like Iboh (Pulau Weh), we could withdraw up to IDR 2.5 million (about £125), though many ATMs have a lower limit of IDR 1.25 million. Banks like BNI, BRI, Mandiri, and BCA don’t charge withdrawal fees.
Tip: Use travel cards like Revolut or Monzo to avoid foreign exchange fees and save money on your trip.
Click here to learn more about Monzo and get a £5 bonus when you sign up and make your first payment!
Budgeting and Costs
Sumatra is an affordable destination with options for all budgets. Budget travellers can enjoy cheap accommodations, local food, and public transport, while mid-range and luxury travellers can find comfortable stays and plenty of activities at good prices. Its cost-effectiveness and beautiful landscapes make Sumatra a top choice for backpackers and budget-conscious travellers.
Budget Breakdown
- Accommodation: $5 – $25 per night (basic hostels/guesthouses)
- Food: $5 – $10 per day (local warungs and street food)
- Transport: $10 – $20 per day (public transport, shared minivans, budget buses)
- Activities: $10 – $30* per day (entrance fees, local attractions, short treks)
Total Daily Cost: $30 – $85 (depending on your travel style)
*Please note: A day trek for orangutan watching in Bukit Lawang starts around IDR 1,150k (~€70).
Drone Regulations in Sumatra
Flying drones in Sumatra is allowed, but it’s important to follow a few general rules:
- Altitude: Drones must stay below 150 meters (500 feet) unless you have special permission
- Restricted Areas: Avoid flying near crowds, government buildings, temples or other restricted zones
- Permits: If using a drone for commercial purposes, you’ll need a permit
For the latest rules, always check local regulations or consult aviation authorities before flying.
Health and Safety Tips
To stay safe and healthy during your trip to Sumatra, keep these essential tips in mind:
- Vaccinations: Make sure you’re up to date on vaccinations like hepatitis A, typhoid, and, if necessary, rabies
- Malaria & Dengue Protection: While malaria risk is low, dengue fever is more common in Sumatra. Use mosquito repellent (like Soffell) throughout the day, wear long-sleeved shirts and pants, and seek medical attention immediately if you develop a fever
- First Aid: Carry a basic first aid kit and any necessary medications, especially if you’re heading to remote areas where medical facilities may be limited
- Stay Hydrated & Cautious: Drink bottled water, avoid tap water (including for brushing your teeth), and be cautious with food and water to prevent stomach issues
- Safety: Stay aware of your surroundings, especially in isolated areas, and follow local safety advice
Tip: In rural areas, access to medical care can be limited, so it’s important to have emergency contact information for local healthcare facilities.
Travel Insurance for Sumatra
Before heading to Sumatra, don’t forget to secure comprehensive travel insurance for a worry-free experience. We recommend SafetyWing Nomad Insurance, which is perfect for digital nomads (aged 18-39) travelling outside the US. This reliable coverage includes:
- Medical emergencies & hospital stays
- Trip delays & lost baggage
- Adventure activities & natural disasters
- Emergency evacuation & access to a global hospital network
At just $56.28, the policy automatically renews every 28 days, and you can easily manage it via the website or app while on the go. You have the flexibility to cancel or set an end date whenever you wish.
Sign up here to ensure you’re covered and travel with peace of mind with SafetyWing!
Above all, set up comprehensive travel insurance before your trip. We recommend SafetyWing Nomad Insurance for reliable coverage and peace of mind while travelling abroad. For more information and to get started, check out SafetyWing website.
Get Inspired
In the heart of Indonesia, shrouded in the mists of time and the lush canopies of the tropical rainforest, there is a land of natural beauty, where ancient volcanoes stand as sentinels over verdant landscapes, and serene lakes mirror the ever-changing skies. This is where the earth whispers tales of creation, turmoil and tranquillity, a true testament to nature’s breathtaking beauty.
Explore the rich culture, dive into the clear waters of Pulau Weh and explore the tropical rainforests of Bukit Lawang – one of only two places where you can see the Orangutans in their natural habitat. Visit the enchanting Lake Toba – the world’s largest volcano crater lake, where 74,000 years ago the Toba super volcano erupted creating a 10-year-long global volcanic winter, resulting in a mass extinction of humans leaving as low as 3000 survivors worldwide. Sumatra is rich in natural beauty, cultural diversity and ancient history that touched us all!
Looking to explore even more? Our 3-week Indonesia itinerary takes you through the country’s most incredible destinations.
